File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) detects and alerts on unauthorized or unexpected changes to files, systems, and configuration data.
FIM works by establishing a trusted baseline of files and monitoring for changes such as modifications, deletions, or additions that could indicate security incidents or policy violations.
What Does FIM Do?
File Integrity Monitoring enables organizations to:
- Track changes to critical files, system binaries, and configurations
- Detect unauthorized or malicious file modifications
- Generate real-time alerts for suspicious activity
- Support forensic investigations and incident response
- Maintain audit trails for compliance and reporting
FIM helps security teams quickly identify when systems have been tampered with.
Why Does FIM Matter?
Unauthorized file changes are often an early indicator of malware, insider threats, or system compromise. File Integrity Monitoring provides early detection, reducing dwell time and limiting potential damage.
FIM is also a requirement or recommended control in many security frameworks, including PCI DSS, HIPAA, NIST, and ISO 27001.
Industry Applications of FIM
- Defense – Monitors mission systems and sensitive environments for unauthorized changes, supporting CMMC and NIST compliance.
- Healthcare – Protects clinical systems and patient data by detecting changes that could impact system integrity or PHI access.
- Finance – Ensures the integrity of financial systems, transaction platforms, and audit logs to meet PCI DSS and SOX requirements.